Lung cancer is the most common malignancy in the world, is also China's current largest cancer. Not only lung cancer incidence, cancer ranks the top, the mortality rate is also ranked first, has gone beyond hepatocellular cancer become "super-killer." However, if the early detection of lung cancer, the cure rate of up to 65%. This issue, please Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Cancer Hospital, Professor Li Junling for you on knowledge of lung cancer.
Data provided by the National Health and Family Planning Commission, compared with 30 years ago, the incidence of lung cancer in the annual growth of 26.9%, mortality was significantly increased by 465%, instead of liver cancer has become the leading cause of cancer death and incidence rates and mortality rate continues to rise rapidly. Failure to take immediate and effective control measures, 2025, of lung cancer patients will reach one million, becoming the world's first lung power. Harvard School of Public Health analyzed even said that in the next 30 years, the number of deaths due to lung cancer will reach 18 million, which means that every minute a person died of lung cancer.
Onset younger, five years less one year old
In recent years, the incidence of lung cancer showing a young, feminine trend. Previously, we would lock lung cancer risk population aged 65 to 70 years of age, that it is a "geriatric." But now the data show that the incidence of lung cancer and age at death increased rapidly from the beginning of 40 years, 70 years peaked in patients 45 to 65 years accounted for 75%, and the average age of onset is reduced every five years a year old. From clinical observation, patients with lung cancer now than in the past four or five years old increased significantly over the past 40 years of age in patients with lung cancer is rare, but now common, and women with lung cancer do not smoke are also more and more.
Cause of lung cancer incidence, mortality rates rise and getting younger and younger every year, mainly with the changing environment and the lifestyle of people living on where smokers expanded, the most prominent of serious hazards of passive smoking, as well as increased air pollution, contamination and kitchen risk factors for housing decoration materials, pollution, long-term psychological stress, lack of exercise and other unhealthy lifestyle can have a relationship with them.
Smoking is the leading cause, ranked second chamber sewage
Smoking is a cause of lung cancer has been recognized as the first cancer-causing factors. The current number of smokers in China has more than 300 million, the number of second-hand smoke exposure as much as 740 million, there are more than 100 million people died of lung cancer and other smoking-related diseases every year, of which 80% of men and 19.3% of female lung cancer due to smoking . Data show that lung cancer incidence in smokers is 10 times higher than non-smokers, non-smokers inhale secondhand smoke (passive smoking) also increases the risk of lung cancer.
So, how tobacco is against our lungs? Tobacco in the combustion process will produce more than 4,000 chemicals, which contains a variety of carcinogens, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and nitrosamines mainly to a variety of carcinogens and tumor promoters phenols. Moreover, the tobacco will gradually destroy the lung's natural defense system. In the airways on both sides, there are a lot of tiny hairs called cilia, these hairs can play blocking toxins, bacteria and viruses to protect the role of the lungs. The tobacco smoke paralysis cilia so that they can not properly "work", resulting in easier carcinogens accumulate in the lungs, causing lung cancer.
In general, the larger the amount of smoke inhaled deeper lungs, the greater the risk of lung cancer. Smoking more than 20 years, 20 years of age start smoking, smoking more than 20 cigarettes a day, as long as one, belongs to the susceptibility of lung cancer in high-risk populations.
The second factor leading to lung cancer, indoor air pollution, including decoration, furniture, cooking fumes pollution and contamination. Among them, the indoor radon contamination of lung cancer is called a "second killer." Radon gas is included in the room IARC most dangerous carcinogens, which is the main source of building materials and interior decoration materials, some of the slag bricks, slag bricks and other building materials often contain different levels of radium, a number of granite, tiles, sanitary ware and other interior decoration materials containing high uranium, radium produces radon and uranium decay after.
In addition, some patients with chronic lung diseases such as chronic bronchitis , tuberculosis , pneumonia , their risk of developing lung cancer is also higher than the healthy population. There are frequent contact with soot or fumes of people, such as gas, asphalt, coke workers, have higher risk of developing lung cancer than the general population. The city is increasingly serious air pollution also induced an important factor for lung cancer, and now has been more and more attention.
Quit smoking as early as possible, a good indoor ventilation
Although lung cancer mortality, the high incidence of both, but the fact of lung cancer is one of the most preventable cancers.
To stay away from lung cancer, the first to stay away from tobacco, do not smoke, and avoid secondhand smoke. Quit smoking as soon as possible, can greatly reduce the risk of lung cancer. Data show that the risk of lung cancer 30 years ago to quit smoking can reduce 90% of people quit within five years, died of lung cancer will be reduced to half a pack of cigarettes suck people a day; quit smoking more than 10 years, died reduced levels of probability of lung cancer for non-smokers.
Secondly, the use of environmentally friendly building materials, avoid indoor air pollution; home to regular ventilation, go to wear masks.
Third, when cooking, anti-smoke. Experts found that fumes from the kitchen has become a threat to our life and health of the invisible killer. Fumes generated during high-temperature cooking, will produce toxic fumes, leading to deterioration of the indoor environment, long-term toxic fumes irritate the eye and throat, can damage the respiratory system cells, if not protected, may cause long-term accumulation of lung cancer. So, be sure to open the hood when cooking, keep the kitchen well ventilated to reduce fried, fry cooking food, cooking oil temperature as low as possible.
In addition, scientific and reasonable diet, eat more fresh fruits and vegetables, adhere to proper exercise, maintain a good mood, positive and optimistic attitude to life, to ensure a regular life, avoid over exertion, can help us to shut out cancer. Patients with chronic lung disease and also timely diagnosis and treatment, to avoid minor illness dragged into a serious illness.
Obvious symptoms, physical examination of the most reliable
Data show that, if the ability to detect cancer at an early stage, the cure rate of up to 65%. Unfortunately, our current 5-year survival rate of lung cancer patients is still less than 15%, more than half of patients with lung cancer are diagnosed in the late already lost the best time to cure. If the surgery can be performed at an early stage cancer, the prognosis of lung cancer will be significantly improved.
Early detection of lung cancer is particularly difficult, because it basically nothing special symptoms early on, even though there are already lobe 1 to 2 cm tumor, there is no obvious symptoms. Even difficult to find, but also pay attention to some of the pathogenesis of clues, such as chronic cough, bloody sputum, fever, chest pain, chest tightness, fever, weight loss and other symptoms, they often are ignored. Some patients manifested as joint pain, like arthritis , especially wrist and ankle pain, arthritis treatment if the situation did not improve by the next, the tumor should be considered. Some patient's finger will be thicker, medically known clubbing, there should also be considered cancer risk.
To early detection of lung cancer, the most effective way is physical. Screening tool for lung cancer include: X-ray + sputum cytology; low-dose spiral CT; blood, sputum biomarkers; exhaled gas monitoring and other diagnostic techniques. Among them, the low-dose spiral CT screening for lung cancer has become the most commonly used for early diagnosis and clinical tool, compared with chest X-ray, which can improve the detection rate, reduce lung cancer mortality.
American Cancer Society 2013 updated guidelines recommend screening for lung cancer, age 55 to 74 years, more than 30 pack-years of smoking history (pack-years = number of years of smoking daily number of packages × continuous smoking), current smokers or had quit smoking over the past 15 years The populations of lung cancer screening. Our country has not yet promulgated regulations expressly, but also suggested that healthy people should be doing at age 50 a low-dose spiral CT, and timely investigation of lung cancer; heavy smoking and other high-risk groups, CT should be done once a year; If there is not a long-term cure cough, bloody sputum and other early symptoms of lung cancer, CT scan should be done as soon as possible so that early detection and early treatment.
Treatment to grading, early cure
Distinguished by the appearance of cancer cells under a microscope, lung cancer can be divided into two categories: one category is small-cell lung cancer , endocrine cells produced in the lungs; another type of non-small cell lung cancer, small-cell lung cancer that is in addition to all other types of lung cancer. Among them, the more aggressive small cell lung cancer can spread rapidly to other parts of the body at an early stage, and is closely related to smoking, is rare in non-smokers. Non-small cell lung cancer growth slower, but also more common, accounting for about 90 percent of lung cancer.
Has been diagnosed with lung cancer do not have too much panic and tension, lung cancer is a common disease already, should hold as diabetes, hypertension and other chronic diseases, like mentality, to treat, control lung cancer. Timely and standardized treatment, as patients with lung cancer can live longer and live better.
Surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapy plus emerging constitute the world's mainstream cancer treatment four carriages, it works almost all cancer cells use two basic characteristics (First Most cancer proliferation Before all localized disease, and second, the fast growth rate of tumor cells), stripped of cancer cells, killing or inhibition.
In general, treatment should be graded according to the severity of the cancer patient. Patients with early stage lung cancer, advocate surgery as soon as possible, once the lump is found, the diagnosis of lung cancer, do not drag. Mid-lung cancer patients, advocates radiotherapy, chemotherapy while doing comprehensive treatment, cure some patients. When the cancer has reached advanced stage can not be cured, treatment can still help patients prolong life and improve quality of life. Radiotherapy and chemotherapy can shrink the tumor to help patients control symptoms such as bone pain, airway obstruction.
Tumor markers, elevated first panic
Patients in the periodic review of the treatment and follow-up phase to undergo imaging studies, as well as examination of tumor markers. However, not all patients with abnormal tumor markers will appear. Before treatment, tumor markers exist if increased or decreased back to normal after treatment, the tumor can be detected as an auxiliary indicator. Tumor markers continued to rise, to be alert to tumor recurrence or progression. However, elevated tumor markers and clinical findings on imaging visible tumor recurrence, are not fully synchronized, separated by a longer period of time, but the way of tumor progression or recurrence often have quite different. For example, sometimes patients showed isolated metastases, this time through the local processing can be well controlled. Therefore, in my clinical practice, when patients with elevated tumor markers alone, more is not recommended for the treatment of tumors.
Finally, patients with lung cancer but also to maintain a positive and optimistic attitude, and enhance the confidence of cure disease, enhance communication with physicians to help improve the therapeutic effect.
Expert Biography: Li Junling, professor, doctoral tutor, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing Cancer Hospital, medical director of the physician. Geriatric Oncology Professional Committee of China Deputy Secretary-General of lung cancer sub-committee vice chairman, in 2011 the first batch of Beijing health science specialist.
Core Tip: Although lung cancer mortality, the high incidence of both, but the fact that lung cancer is one of the most preventable cancers. Early detection of lung cancer is particularly difficult, because it basically nothing special symptoms early on, even though there are already lobe 1 to 2 cm tumor, there is no obvious symptoms. Even difficult to find, but also pay attention to some of the pathogenesis of clues, such as chronic cough, bloody sputum, fever, chest pain, chest tightness, fever, weight loss and other symptoms, they often are ignored.