In recent years, with the continuous improvement of material life, people are more and more westernized lifestyle, the incidence of breast cancer also will be accelerated. At present, the global annual average of about 140 million people suffering from breast cancer every year about 200,000 new patients. Breast cancer has become a threat to women's health, "the number one killer."
In China, the incidence of breast cancer in coastal areas higher than the mainland, the eastern region is higher than in Western cities than in rural areas. Among them, the incidence of middle-aged women the fastest growing form a new peak. According to statistics, the high incidence of breast cancer in women in Western countries ages of 55 to 65 years, in our country, it is 45 to 55 years ahead.
Why have breast cancer
About the etiology of breast cancer, it is not entirely clear. However, a large number of clinical epidemiology survey showed that estrogen and breast cancer are inseparable. Estrogen is a hormone physiology, and is usually a relatively constant speed or to release certain rhythm, like a uniform, smooth driving on road vehicles. Once the regular movement of such outside interference, normal fluctuations in hormone levels naturally be upset.
Women's experiences of menarche, pregnancy, lactation, menopause several important moments are accompanied by changes in estrogen. Most people menarche at the age of 12 to 14 years old; fertility best age is 25 to 35 years old; menopause is 45 to 55 years old. If estrogen levels conform to these changes do not affect the body will bring an exception. But if someone is or external factors (such as excessive estrogen, not pregnant or breast-feeding, etc.) affect these stages, resulting in sudden changes in estrogen levels, just like the original smooth running car suddenly brakes or pedal to the metal, it will Transmission of impact damage to the car, like a sudden change of this hormone will stimulate breast epithelial cells induced malignant transformation, leading to breast cancer.
What people tend to get breast cancer
Breast cancer is the result of many factors. Women have less risk of breast cancer risk factors higher:
There is a family history of breast cancer. Epidemiological survey found that 5 percent to 10 percent of breast cancers are familial. Especially in the mother or sisters, if breast cancer, then it belongs to the family of high-risk populations, the risk increased by 2 to 3 times higher than the general population.
Early menarche, late menopause. In the first period before age 12, menopause after age 55 people belonging to high-risk groups, their risk of breast cancer than the general population 1 to 2 times higher, because the role of estrogen in the breast by a long time, easily lead to breast cancer.
Single, childbearing, not breastfeeding. No birth or after birth until the age of 35 women, the incidence of breast cancer than women give birth before the age of 30 to be higher. Currently, one of the most clear-cut breast cancer risk factors identified in the medical profession is not fertile women, it is because they lack the protection of progesterone, are more vulnerable to excessive estrogen stimulation. In addition, breastfeeding can reduce the risk of women suffering from breast cancer. A British study showed that the longer women breastfeed, the smaller the risk of breast cancer in the future.
High-fat diet, obesity. Excessive intake of high-protein, high-fat foods, can cause elevated estrogen levels, increase the risk of breast cancer. Studies have shown that obese breast cancer risk than normal-weight people from 1 to 1.5 times higher risk of the spread of breast cancer twice as high. If post-menopausal women are overweight or obese, there is an increased risk of breast cancer by 30%.
Long-term stress, depression. Urban young women face intense competitive pressure, mental stress long period of tension, resulting in an unstable emotional, uneven and, coupled with the often burn the midnight oil, the body can not get enough rest, so unhealthy lifestyles can lead to endocrine imbalance can also cause some damage to the breast, increasing the risk of breast cancer.
Receiving long-term estrogen therapy. Menopause hormone replacement therapy or other long-term hormone replacement therapy in women receiving estrogen therapy, the risk of breast cancer will increase accordingly.
Hyperplasia. Benign hyperplasia is generally not malignant, but breast hyperplasia older, longer history, larger lumps, bumps and menstrual relationship was not obvious, it is possible malignant transformation, should go to the hospital.
How to detect early breast cancer
Poor awareness of cancer prevention, breast cancer screening is not standard, is not universal, making early diagnosis of breast cancer in women less than 30%, while the United States more than 80% of breast cancer when diagnosed early. This reveals a significant gap between the people on breast self-examination and self-test of a general lack of awareness. China Population Association, a survey showed that only 5% of women do a breast examination every year, 31% of women do not know how to self-test.
Women over the age of 20, do monthly breast self-examination helps early detection mass. 9 to 11 days after menstruation is the best time breast examination, this time less estrogen effects on breast, breast in a relatively quiescent state, easy to find lesions.
How to conduct breast self
Breast self-test (as shown below) at home in front of a large mirror. First visual examination, observation breast appearance, pay attention to see whether bilateral breast symmetry, contour without exception, whether the skin sag, color is abnormal, with or without orange peel-like and other changes. Then palpation, standing, flat touch fingers together, arm held out his head to check the breast within half, outer half of the upper arm hanging breast check, gradually moving clockwise from the top of the breast examination by outside on the outside, the inside, the inner upper , armpit order, carefully check for lumps comprehensive and oppression of the areola, to see if there is liquid discharge, touch axillary and supraclavicular fossa presence of enlarged lymph nodes. It should be noted, do not press or squeezes with your fingertips, if you find a lump or other abnormality to the hospital for check-ups.
Periodic medical examinations to check what are the
Light to develop the good habit of self-test is not enough, there are probably incorrect due to personal practices adversely affected by illness. Only the self-test and periodic medical examinations to combine breast specialist clinic to the malignant breast tightly shut. This combination of both, is the most effective breast cancer screening classic method, it can help you as soon as found in mass of less than 2 cm, then find breast cancer is generally not late.
Under normal circumstances, the proposed 20 to 40-year-old woman to the hospital every three years to do a breast examination, 40 years or older and have a family history of female breast examination once a year. When the breast clinic, the doctor will understand the history, the first hand inspection, checking bilateral breast. In addition, often also combined with imaging studies, including ultrasound, mammography X-ray radiography (mammography camera), if necessary, can also be breast MRI.
No damage to human breast ultrasound, for young women, dense breast is ideal. Photographic mammography screening for breast cancer is the main method recommended by the international community in recent years, can be found not touch the clinical examination of breast lumps, usually applied to women over 40 years old, female breast this age is not sensitive to radiation by radiation damage is limited, and breast density is relatively low, easily found by mammography camera anomaly. MRI can be found in multiple lesions, small lesions multi-center, imaging methods may well be an early diagnosis.
Final diagnosis will be based diagnostic cytopathology and histopathology, clinical examination revealed a biopsy, can puncture method on the basis of the exception, surgical methods can also be used, once discovered cancer treatment to take away. If the patient has a nipple discharge, but also to carry out some of the methods for the examination of nipple discharge, such as breast duct endoscopy, galactography, discharge cytology smears.
How to treat breast cancer that had
After the detection of breast cancer, the vast majority of people will panic and felt sentenced to death, in fact, for early discovery, early diagnosis of breast cancer, 96 percent are curable. Methods commonly used to treat breast cancer surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, hormonal therapy and targeted drug therapy. Modern medical study found that combined treatment is to improve survival in patients with breast cancer guarantee.
It is worth noting that, before treatment is best for accurate pathology testing, and then determine the next step of treatment programs, or prone to over-treatment or unreasonable treatment. According to the individual patient's reasonable categorical treatment can be more effective, as far as possible to prolong life and improve quality of life.
What conditions do need to have breast-conserving surgery
In recent years, attention to the quality of life of patients and restore the missing breast has become a part of modern treatment of breast cancer overall plan. Therefore, breast-conserving surgery is becoming a major surgical procedure for breast cancer.